Tweaking the fuel system can offer the best horsepower-per-dollar improvement for your Probe, but it can also be, by far, the most dangerous. Novices should stay clear of performing most fuel system modifications, not only because of the flammability of gasoline, but because running the fuel/air mixture too lean can destroy an engine. Proper modifications performed by knowledgeable mechanics can offer solid improvements, but improper modifications can be disastrous.

Key
Pros: The benefits of a particular upgrade.
Cons: The down side of a particular upgrade.
Cost: Approximate price range based on numerous quotes and price sheets.
HP Gains: Estimated increase in horsepower you can expect from a particular upgrade. Not necessarily peak horsepower.
Manufacturers: Examples of particular companies that sell a particular upgrade.
Availability: Which Probes the upgrade is for.

Contents
Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator
Fuel Injectors
Fuel Management Systems
High-Flow Fuel Filter
High-Flow Fuel Pump
High Octane Fuels
Venom 400 Performance Control Module

Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator
The stock fuel pressure regulator is a simple spring-controlled vacuum diaphragm connected to the intake manifold. The regulator reduces fuel pressure under light load and increases it under heavy load.

Adjustable fuel pressure regulators are high 'bang for the buck' upgrades. They allow you to additionally tune your fuel system by precisely adjusting for optimal pressure. Cutting back on fuel pressure will decrease fuel to the injectors. On stock Probes, decreasing fuel pressure and leaning out the air/fuel mixture will add a considerable amount of power. If performed correctly by a knowledgeable mechanic with an air/fuel ratio meter, the fuel can be leaned out to provide as much as 5 to 10 horsepower. The downside is, improper adjustment can easily destroy an engine. Even minor adjustments can yield a respectable 2-3 horsepower.

Adjustable fuel pressure regulators can also be used to increase fuel pressure and allow the injectors to flow more fuel. This can allow you to increase turbo boost or nitrous oxide using stock injectors.

Personal Experience: I purchased a Paxton adjustable fuel regulator and plan to install it in my '92 GT.
Pros: Adjusts fuel pressure for optimal fuel flow.
Cons: Can be dangerous to engines if not properly tuned.
Cost: $50-200
HP Gain: 5-10hp
  Manufacturers: Aeromotive, BG Fuel Systems, CarTech Racing, Paxton, RC Engineering
  Availability: All
 

Fuel Injectors
With a modified Probe at high rpm, the stock fuel injectors can be at their limit. When they hit their limit, not enough fuel will get to the cylinders, causing the air/fuel ratio to run too lean. Replacing the stock injectors with larger or higher flow injectors can reduce flat spots due to fuel system bottlenecks and decrease the chance of detonation due to fuel starvation.

Venom Performance offers a set of injectors for Probes that are considered OEM replacements, but are designed for improved performance at equal flow rate. For an additional fee, Venom offers an upgrade for these injectors that improve flow by 8%, which would be good for engines that have modest performance improvements. For high performance needs, Venom can custom make injectors up to 1400cc.

It's very important to consider your goals when purchasing larger injectors. Although all injectors can be adjusted through fuel pressure, the pressure and flow rates that they are designed for will produce the best spray pattern. Installing injectors that are too small and increasing fuel pressure to compensate will not offer optimal injector performance. Installing injectors that are too big and decreasing fuel pressure to compensate will cause idling problems.

This upgrade is most effective when paired with a high flow fuel pump. Installing injectors that are too big can ruin fuel economy and cause an overly rich fuel/air ratio.

Personal Experience: I purchased a set of 370cc/min Venom fuel injectors and plan to install them in my '92 GT.
Pros: Higher fuel flow.
Cons: Minimal gains on stock engines and stock fuel pressure.
Cost: $75-$200 each
HP Gain: Dependant on other upgrades.
Manufacturers: RC Engineering, Venom Performance
  Availability: All
 

Fuel Management Systems
Fuel regulators adjust the fuel to air ratio in order to receive optimal power from the cylinders anywhere in the rpm range. They work independently of the car's ECU to regulate the amount of fuel the injectors inject into the cylinders. They do this by intercepting the air flow signal from the air flow meter and directly control the signal to the ECU. If you decide to turn up the fuel, the fuel management system will tell the ECU that there is more air entering the intake. The ECU will compensate by increasing the fuel flow. This allows further adjustment of the fuel/air mixture, which is not only useful on stock engines, but it's value amplifies with additional upgrades, such as overbored throttle bodies and nitrous oxide systems, where the stock fuel system cannot regulate the fuel as efficiently.

Personal Experience: A purchased an A'pexi Super AFC for my '91 GT. It wasn't meant to be used on a Probe, but after hearing that a fellow Probe owner managed to get it to work on a second gen, I figured I'd give it a try. Unfortunately, it turned out that this unit cannot work with the first generation Probe's air flow sensor. This was a BIG disappointment to me.

I'm currectly seeking other fuel management systems for my '92 GT.

Pros: Adjusts fuel injector flow for optimal fuel/air ratio.
Cons: Can ruin fuel economy if not tuned correctly, can destroy your engine if installed by novices.
Cost: $300-$1200
HP Gain: 3-5hp
  Manufacturers: A'pexi, GReddy, HKS, Venom Performance
Availability: All

High-Flow Fuel Filter
OEM replacement fuel filters are designed well for removing contaminants from the fuel, but can end up limiting your fuel system. OEM style fuel filters slow fuel flow and limit overall fuel system pressure. This can be more evident on upgraded fuel systems where system pressure has been increased.

Performance and race engines with upgraded fuel systems will benefit from performance fuel filters, since they allow drastically increased fuel flow and minimal effects on fuel pressure. Most are lifetime filters that you can either clean, or get inexpensive element replacements. Effects will be extremely minimal on stock systems.

Personal Experience: Purchased a K&N fuel filter for my '91 GT. No noticeable gains, but that wasn't why I purchased it. Installation was very easy... no different from standard fuel filters, although the new filter won't fit in the original's fuel filter mount. I expect to purchase one for my '89 LX soon.
Pros: Reduced fuel pressure loss, increased flow.
Cons: Very limited gains on stock fuel systems
Cost: $50-100
HP Gain: None
Manufacturers: Aeromotive, Bosch, K&N, Spectre
  Availability: All
 

High-Flow Fuel Pump
As moderately modified engines reach higher rpms, the stock fuel pump can hit their limit of how much fuel they can supply to the engine. Because of this, the engine's fuel to air ratio can run too lean and cause either a flat spot in the power curve or dangerous engine knock. Replacing the stock fuel pump with a high flow fuel pump will allow the engine to receive all the fuel it needs, virtually eliminating flat spots in the power curve due to fuel bottlenecks.

As performance modifications are added to a car, a higher flowing fuel pump becomes more necessary. Increasing boost pressure, adding a turbo, or injecting nitrous oxide into the engine are instances where a high-flow pump is highly recommended.

Personal Experience: Installed a Walbro 255 lph High Pressure fuel pump in my '92 GT. Installation was very easy, especially when compared to second generation Probes, since all I had to do was remove the rear seat. Throttle response was noticeably improved throughout the rpm range. There's been an increase in noise coming from the pump, but barely noticeable.
Pros: Increases fuel to the injectors, quicker throttle response, more power at high rpm.
Cons: Minimal gains on stock engines, increased noise from pump.
Cost: $75-$200
HP Gain: 2-3hp
Manufacturers: Venom Performance, Walbro
  Availability: All
 

High Octane Fuels
The Octane rating is an anti-knock scale developed in the 1920's to rate the quality of a gasoline's ability to resist knocking or pinging.

High octane racing fuels, such as Cam-2 and Cam-4 will improve power throughout the rpm range. Cam-2 and Cam-4 are 102-octane and 104-octane fuels that burn with a slightly purple-tinted exhaust gas and a sweet smell. When the engine is tuned correctly, they'll provide better gas mileage, overall cleaner running, and of course, more horsepower. Higher octane fuels ranging from 110 through 118 would definitely be for track use only, since they are designed for high compression engines. Unfortunately, the downsides of these fuels are numerous.

First, unless your engine is tuned specifically for higher octane fuel, you won't get any power improvements. Using higher octane fuels on engines that aren't designed to run on them will basically be the same as running lower octane fuels. So unlike what most people think, using 91 octane fuel in a stock 2.0L engine will not improve its power, since it's designed to run on 87 octane fuel. To use a higher octane fuel, you'll need to have a computer chip upgrade, such as a SuperChip, but having your engine programmed to run on 106 octane fuel will get extremely expensive.

A big factor of buying high octane fuels is their cost, which in my area, run about $4 to $4.50 for Cam-2 and $5-$6 for Cam-4. That could be $60 to $90 for a single tank of gas.

Higher octane fuels provide more power by burning slower and hotter. This will cause a considerable jump in engine temperature, especially when running 106 octane or higher. These higher temperatures can be damaging to an engine.

Then there's the legality part of it. I'm not sure what laws are out there on this, but I know that in New York, it's illegal to run it in a street driven car. Gas stations around here can sell it, but you have to fill a gas can with it and fill your tank yourself at home.

Lastly, although I'm not sure how many people will be willing to spend $15+ per gallon on 110 octane fuels, but people who do need to remember that fuels with octane ratings that high are usually leaded fuels. Leaded fuels can harm exhaust parts, such as oxygen sensors and catalytic converters. 

Personal Experience: $4.50 per gallon around here, not interested.
Pros: More overall power, cleaner running, better gas mileage
Cons: No improvement on stock engines, cost, legality, temperature
Cost: $1-15+ per gallon
HP Gain: Dependant
Manufacturers: N/A
  Availability: All
 

Venom 400 Performance Control Module

The Venom 400 Performance Module is an add-on control module that adjusts the signals to the ECU to alter your vehicle's performance. Although Venom suggests performance is improved by altering the system's fuel curve, its main feature is to alter the transaxle's shift points based on throttle. Normally, under normal load, the automatic transaxle will drop a down gear when the throttle reaches about 60-75%, and if there's room in the rpm range, it'll drop an additional gear between 75-100% throttle. With the Venom 400, the transaxle will shift to the lowest gear possible at only 25% throttle. This will make the transaxle considerably more aggressive then stock. Fuel economy will take a considerable dip, due to increased engine speed.

Since the unit is geared toward automatic transaxles, the unit will most likely offer little, if any, improvement with manual transaxle controlled vehicles.

Personal Experience: I purchased one for my '91 GT, but I was very disappointed. Overall power seemed slightly increase, although drivability was adversely affected. Fuel economy also dropped significantly.
Pros: Increases power, quicker shifts, faster throttle response.
Cons: Drastic decrease in fuel economy, no quick on/off capabilities.
Cost: $300-400
HP Gain: Dependent on transaxle
Manufacturers: Venom Performance
  Availability: All
 

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